What are the symptoms of head lice?
The most common symptom is intense itching of the scalp, particularly behind the ears and around the nape of the neck. Some people may have very few symptoms despite having an infestation.
On examination, tiny crawling lice or nits (lice eggs) attached firmly to the hair shaft may be seen. Unlike dandruff, nits do not easily slide off the hair.
How does head lice spread?
Head lice mainly spread through direct hair-to-hair contact. Sharing combs, brushes, caps, helmets, pillows or towels may occasionally contribute to transmission, although lice survive poorly away from the scalp.
Treatment for head lice
Treatment usually involves a topical anti-lice medication, such as permethrin, depending on local resistance patterns and individual circumstances. Treatment should be used exactly as directed. A second application may be required after several days to eliminate newly hatched lice.
A fine-toothed nit comb can help remove lice and eggs mechanically. Close household contacts should be examined and treated if infestation is confirmed.
How can head lice be prevented?
Avoid sharing combs, hair accessories, caps and helmets. Children should also avoid prolonged head-to-head contact during an active infestation.
Importantly, head lice are not a sign of poor hygiene. Excessive shampooing or repeated application of harsh chemicals does not necessarily eliminate lice and may irritate the scalp.
If itching persists despite appropriate treatment, consult a dermatologist for confirmation of diagnosis and treatment of resistant infestation.
At DermcareMD Skin and Hair Clinic by Dr Neha Athalye, Kothrud, Pune, we assess each patient individually and treatment options are then optimised according to the patient's needs.
