Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It primarily affects children but can occur in adults as well.
It begins with fever, fatigue, and body aches, followed by an itchy rash that progresses from red spots to fluid-filled blisters and eventually crusts. The rash typically starts on the face and trunk and spreads across the body.
The infection spreads through respiratory droplets and direct contact with lesions. It is contagious even before the rash appears.
Most cases are mild and resolve within 1–2 weeks. However, complications can occur, especially in adults, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals. These include secondary bacterial infections, pneumonia, and rarely, neurological complications.
Chickenpox in pregnancy can lead to complications and hamper the growth of the fetus. It is especially important to timely treat chickenpox if it occurs during pregnancy. Females in reproductive age group who have not had chickenpox in their childhood, should ideally take varicella vaccines at least 3 months before trying to conceive to avoid risk of chickenpox during pregnancy.
Management is mainly supportive:
Antihistamines for itching
Calamine lotion
Adequate hydration
Antiviral medications in high-risk individuals
Vaccination is highly effective in preventing varicella and reducing severity.
Avoid scratching lesions to prevent scarring and infection. Isolation during the contagious phase helps prevent spread.
If you or your child develops symptoms suggestive of chickenpox, consult a dermatologist for proper guidance.
For expert advice, visit Dermcare MD Skin and Hair Clinic by Dr Neha Athalye.
